Pod style EC, which are smaller than tank models and often resemble USB drives, come with small disposable cartridges or pods.ĮCs have three basic components: a battery, an atomizer, and a cartridge/tank, which stores e-liquid. These include clearomizers, vape pens, vape MODs, sub-ohm tanks, and rebuildable drippable tanks and are generally equipped with larger batteries and larger fluid reservoirs than cig-a-like models. Tank-style EC were subsequently introduced in 2013 to hold larger volumes of refill fluid. The cig-a-likes come in three styles: the classic 3-piece cartridge style, the 2-piece cartomizer/pod, and 1-piece disposable style. Cig-a-like models were designed to have the look and feel of a conventional cigarette and were the first type to be introduced in China in 2004. There are three major classes of electronic cigarettes (ECs), “cig-a-like”, “tank” style and “pod” style. Tank style products generally lacked a thick wire and sheaths. Wire-to-wire joints were either brazed or clamped with brass (copper and zinc), and air-tube-to-thick wire joints, when present, were usually soldered with tin.
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In all products, the wick was silica, and sheaths, when present, were fiberglass (silicon, oxygen, calcium, aluminum, magnesium). The thick wire in earlier products was usually copper coated with silver, while in some newer products, the thick wire was predominantly nickel. Filaments were usually chromium and nickel (nichrome), although in some newer products, the filament also contained iron, copper, and manganese. The metals used in various components were often similar in cartomizer and tank models.
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Iron and lead were found in some but not all products, while manganese, cobalt, molybdenum, titanium, and tungsten were only found in a few of the products. These included chromium, nickel, copper, silver, tin, silicon, aluminum, and zinc. Eight elements/metals were found in most products across and within brands purchased at different times.